Viral, Lyme, Bacteria, Parasite and other Pathogen Infections and reactivated latent infections of the nervous system, brain, muscles, intestines, glands, blood, joints, heart and blood vessels
A recent scientific and medical consensus review on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) concluded that CFS/ME is significantly underdiagnosed and that the condition is likely caused, in part, by viruses. (Smith MEB, et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 219. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. December 2014.)
Top ME medical doctors A. Gilliam, Melvin Ramsay, Elizabeth Dowsett, John Richardson of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, W.H. Lyle, Elizabeth Bell, James Mowbray of St Mary’s, Peter Behan and Byron Hyde all believed that the majority of primary M.E. patients fell ill following exposure to an Enterovirus. Dr. John Richardson, a medical doctor based in Newcastle in England treated ME patients from many parts of Britain for over 40 years. He developed an expertise in diagnosing the illness, and became one of the world's foremost experts in ME. He even used autopsy results from dead patients to investigate the illness. He found that Enteroviruses and toxins played a major role in ME, and that this led to immune dysfunction, neurological abnormalities, endocrine dysfunction, and over time to increased risk of cardiac failure, cancers, carcinomas, and other organ failure. He wrote a book about his medical experiences called Enteroviral and Toxin Mediated Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. This book is a classic medical book on the illness, and provides an excellent introduction to ME. Historically, Enterovirus infections mainly target the nervous system, brain, muscles and intestines, all of which abnormal in ME patients.
The research and evidence cited above points convincingly to a number of viruses, bacteria and pathogens playing a key role in subgroups of ME patients. It is important to diagnose the infections present in ME patients, subgroup the patients, and administer appropriate medical treatments to the subgroups.
Some studies show that 50% or more of ME (CFS) patients have Chronic Lyme infection (which cannot be picked up in standard Elisa and Western blot tests), others show 40% or more have Mycoplasma infection, while other studies show HHV6a infection in 35% or more patients. EBV infection is a factor in some patient cohorts. Other studies including epidemics and clusters point to 50% or more of patients being infected with Enteroviruses of the intestines, muscles and nervous system. Other studies show co-infections and multiple infections in ME patients. The scientific and medical evidence points to infections playing a major role in ME and the urgent need to diagnose them and identify infection & immune dysfunction subgroups.
A coroner's report of ME patient Sophia Mirza revealed that 4 out of 5 dorsal root ganglia were abnormal and showed disease. The coroner had not been able to find exactly what had caused this but the result was dorsal root ganglionitis – an inflammation. This suggests an infection of this area. An MRI scan or MRS scan or samples of this area would have revealed abnormalities, infections and inflammation while she was alive, but unfortunately this was never done. She was refused these tests by some doctors. Recent ME subgroup recoveries from use of the medical drug Rituximab which is used for autoimmune illnesses and Cancers, strongly suggests autoimmunity involving B-cells and / or infection of B cells or B cell generation mechanisms as the key component in the illness, in addition to other immune system dysfunctions.
Dr. Martin Lerner who has been diagnosing and treating the illness for over 20 years has consistently found viral infections and co-infections of viruses and bacteria in patients referred to his medical clinic. The infections were not identified by other doctors and GP's and patients had remained ill for several months and years as a result. Dr. Lerner's intensive diagnostics and treatments led to significant improvements and recoveries of patients. This underpins the need for very thorough diagnostics and treatments, with some treatments lasting for 12 months or more.
"Primary cell culture of lymphocytes showed active replication of HHV-6 in 79 of 113 patients (70%; CI, 61% to 78%)............., a finding confirmed by assays using monoclonal antibodies specific for HHV-6 proteins and by polymerase chain reaction assays specific for HHV-6 DNA."
Buchwald, D., Cheney, P., Peterson, D., Henry, B., Wormsley, S., Geiger, A., Ablashi, D., Komaroff, D.etc. 1992. A chronic illness characterized by fatigue, neurologic and immunologic disorders, and active Human Herpesvirus Type 6 Infection. Annals of Internal Medicine 1116: 103-13. (The seminal scientific research paper on the Lake Tahoe epidemic in the USA in the mid 1980's and the origin of the term CFS)
These infections may be causative, opportunistic or a co-factor in the illness.
Tests for
Viruses and Pathogens
1. Active EBV and Reactivated Latent EBV virus and several strains of EBV infection and other Herpes Infections
Test spinal fluids, inflamed or infected intestinal tissue, muscle tissue, virus incubation in the thyroid gland, liver tissues, spleen tissues and heart tissues, whole blood (including pmbc, plasma, red and white blood cells), blood vessels, immune system cells, B cells, NK cells, inflamed joints and synovial fluids, and inflamed samples from the vagus nerve, dorsal root ganglia, basal ganglia, brain stem, autonomic ganglia, peripheral ganglia, anterior and posterior horns of the spinal cord, cervical and lumbar nerve roots and peripheral nerves and sites of brain lesions for the following:
Epstein Barr virus and Reactivated (latent) Epstein Barr virus due to Stress, Trauma, Loss, Chemical or Heavy Metal Exposure, Sleep Deprivation and Immune System Weaknesses
Check for active and reactivated forms of EBV, latent forms and incubation of EBV, stages of EBV infection and the many strains of EBV. Check inside organs, glands, brain, spinal fluids and muscles for infection. This is an important virus and after infection (such as chronic mono) can remain latent for years and decades in the human body, and reactivate many times causing immune system weaknesses, fevers, extreme fatigue, joint pains, catching other infections, and can migrate to other body organs, glands, and parts during an infectious period. It is found in most ME and CFS patients and in Fibromyalgia and Chronic Lyme disease and many Autoimmune conditions. Very important test for all Autoimmune conditions.
The various strains of Epstein Barr virus present in the patient. Scientists believe there could be 10 or more different strains of Epstein Barr virus and these could cause different sets of symptoms.
Test for Xmen disease which leaves a person vulnerable to EBV infection and other viral infections.
All Herpes Family Viruses, 1-8, especially HHV6a. The research shows a high prevalence of active and reactivated HHV6a virus in ME patients. This would also be high priority as a result of the historical association between ME and Herpes viruses, particularly in North America and Europe.There are many strains of Herpes viruses. For all Autoimmune conditions test for active, incubated, latent and reactivated latent Herpes family infections in organs, glands, brain, spinal fluids and muscles.
3. Virscan Test developed by Howard Hughes Medical Institute. This tests for 250 viruses commonly found in humans.
4. Test reverse transcriptase levels. These indicate retrovirus infections, including HTLV family, mlv's, gamma retroviruses, and jhk virus
5. High Magnification Dark Field Microscopy. Live blood analysis and tissue analysis for viral, bacteria, parasite and other infections.
6. Real time PCR, qPCR and Tacqman tests are highly accurate
7. Sequencing By Synthesis (SBS) technology, high throughput sequencing and miRNA testing can also improve accuracy, while reducing time and cost.
8. Newer tests under development
New genetic sequencing devices can rapidly identify the genetic signatures of viruses and other pathogens, these would be recommended as they improve accuracy, while reducing time and cost.
MRI signature, Spectroscopic signature and EMF signature scans may be able to detect localized infections, inflammation, damage and lesions of the nervous system.
2. Chronic Enterovirus infection of nervous system, brain, muscles, intestines, glands, blood, joints, heart and blood vessels
Enteroviruses (See work of Dr. Chia below). This would include ECHO viruses, Enterovirus 71, and Coxsackie viruses. This would be high priority as a result of the historical association between ME and Enteroviruses in North America and Europe. The intestines, muscles and nerves being major reservoirs of infection. Dr. Chia in California has developed highly accurate tests. Test nervous system, brain, muscles, intestines, glands, blood, joints, heart and blood vessels.
Source: Understanding Myalgic Encephalomyelitis : the New Polio and Chronic Fatigue Syndromes, Dr. Byron Hyde, Page 58
Diagnostic Information about Enteroviruses
Enteroviruses have been associated with ME since the 1930's. Names such as 'Epidemic Neuromyasthenia’, ‘Encephalitis’, ‘Akureyri Disease’, ‘atypical poliomyelitis’, 'Iceland disease', ‘poliomyelitis-like epidemic neuromyasthenia’ ‘Abortive Poliomyelitis’ were used to describe the illness prior to the term ‘Myalgic Encephalomyelitis’ being created by Dr. Acheson in 1955. Coxsackie viruses, other Enteroviruses and ECHO 7 virus appear to be infecting significant numbers of ill people, as evidenced from prior ME (CFS) epidemics dating back to the 1930's.
" Primary M.E. is always an acute onset illness. Doctors A. Gilliam, A.
Melvin Ramsay and Elizabeth Dowsett (who assisted
in much of his later work,) John Richardson of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, W.H. Lyle, Elizabeth Bell of
Ruckhill Hospital, James Mowbray of St Mary's, and
Peter Behan all believed that the majority of primary
M.E. patients fell ill following exposure to an Enterovirus. (Poliovirus, ECHO, Coxsackie and the
numbered viruses are the significant viruses in this
group, but there are other enteroviruses that exist that
have been discovered in the past few decades that do
not appear in any textbook that I have perused.) I share
this belief that enteroviruses are a major cause. " Source:http://www.nightingale.ca/documents/Nightingale_ME_Definition_en.pdf
“Virological studies revealed that 76% of the patients with suspected myalgic encephalomyelitis had elevated Coxsackie B neutralising titres (and symptoms included) malaise, exhaustion on physical or mental effort, chest pain, palpitations, tachycardia, polyarthralgia, muscle pains, back pain, true vertigo, dizziness, tinnitus, nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, epigastric pain, headaches, paraesthesiae, dysuria)….The group described here are patients who have had this miserable illness. Most have lost many weeks of employment or the enjoyment of their family (and) marriages have been threatened…”
(BD Keighley, EJ Bell. JRCP 1983:33:339-341).
Dr. John Chia, is a world renowned doctor who has successfully treated ME patients. He has found that Enteroviruses are present in some subgroups of ME patients and that treating these Enterovirus infections can lead to significant improvement and recovery.
His research paper provides some important insights - Chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with chronic enterovirus infection of the stomach.
Chia JK, Chia AY.
J Clin Pathol. 2008 Jan;61(1):43-8. Epub 2007 Sep 1. See diagram below:
Dr. John Chia presents his research findings up to the year 2011 to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the USA below:
Dr. Chia's work and findings are similar to those of John Richardson, a medical doctor who was based in Newcastle in England who treated ME patients from many parts of Britain for over 40 years. He developed an expertise in diagnosing the illness, and became one of the world's foremost experts in ME. He even used autopsy results from dead patients to investigate the illness. He found that Enteroviruses and toxins played a major role in ME, and that this led to immune dysfunction, neurological abnormalities, endocrine dysfunction, and over time to increased risk of cardiac failure, cancers, carcinomas, and other organ failure. He wrote a book about his medical experiences called Enteroviral and Toxin Mediated Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. The John Richardson Research Group has released its own diagnostic and treatment guidelines.
The outbreak in Iceland was important, and provided some vital clues about the illness and the role of Enteroviruses.
"However,
children
in epidemic Neuromyasthenia areas
responded
to
poliomyelitis
vaccination
with
higher
antibody titres
than
in
other
areas
not
affected
by
the
poliomyelitis
epidemic,
as
if
these
children
had
already
been
exposed
to
an
agent
immunologically
similar
to
poliomyelitis
virus
(Sigurdsson,
Gudnad6ttir Petursson,
1958).
Thus,
the
agent
responsible
for
epidemic Neuromyasthenia would
appear
to
be
able
to
inhibit
the
pathological
effects
of
poliomyelitis
infection.
When
an
American
airman
was
affected
in
the
1955
epidemic
and
returned
home,
a
similar
secondary
epidemic
occurred
in
Pittsfield,
Massachusetts,
U.S.A.
(Hart,
1969:
Henderson
and
Shelokov,
1959)."
Many outbreaks of ME or epidemic Neuromyasthenia worldwide followed an outbreak of polio virus.
Parish JG (1978), Early outbreaks of 'epidemic neuromyasthenia', Postgraduate Medical Journal, Nov;54(637):711-7, PMID: 370810.
He also presents his medical experiences in the videos below:
Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is Associated with Chronic Enterovirus Infection of Ovarian Tubes
John Chia, M.D., David Wang, Rabiha El-habbal and Andrew Chia, EV Med Research, Lomita California IACFS/ME Conference. Translating Science into Clinical Care. March 20-23, 2014 • San Francisco, California, USA
3. Tests for Viral, Bacteria, Lyme and Mycoplasma and other Pathogen infections of the nervous system, brain, intestines, blood, muscles, thyroid, liver, spleen, joints, organs, heart and blood vessels and immune system cells.
Retroviruses including HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3, HTLV-4. Also test for HGRV and MLV's. And test for new and unknown Retroviruses, including Gamma Retroviruses. Retrovirus sequences found by Dr. Lipkin (Columbia University, New York) in 85% of ME cases
JHK virus. A gamma retrovirus similar to MLV's. First isolated by Dr. Sidney Grossberg in ME patients.
Spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV). 30% of patients.
Chronic Lyme, including systemic Lyme infection, Lyme Neuroborreliosis and Lyme carditis. (See Chronic Lyme Diagnostic Information below). Test for Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia valaisiana, B. miyamotoi, B. lonestari, B. lusitaniae, B. andersonii, B. japonica, B. turdae, B. tanukii, B. bissettii.
For Enteroviral infection, the severity of the symptoms correlated with the frequency of finding enteroviral RNA in the peripheral blood leucocytes. Enteroviral RNA in the tissues, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells, immune cells, bone marrow, and muscles of patients. Among other immunostimulatory effects, double stranded RNA was found, and is is a potent inducer of interferon synthesis, which activates intracellular RNase, with resultant degradation of excessive single stranded RNA. Chronic immune system activation and chronic inflammatory state in the local tissues (J Chia and A Chia. Detection of double-stranded RNA in the peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. Abstract T-101. In: Program of the 104th General Meeting for the American Society of Microbiology. New Orleans: Louisiana, 2004)
For HHV6a and other Herpes infections, IgM antibodies are not diagnostic in this disease, Dr. Henderson and others have found that primary cell cultures in combination with antibody or PCR tests indicate HHV-6 infection rates are very high in ME/CFS
Reactivation of latent viruses and Methylation blockages and MTHFR gene mutations found in some ME and CFS patients
The Human Genome Project found that this gene has been found to be mutated or abnormal in many people. Some ME and CFS patients have this genetic abnormality. This causes methylation cycle blockage, immune system abnormalities, including re-activation of latent viruses, thyroid and endocrine abnormalities, excess inflammation, antioxidant deficiencies, high homocysteine levels, arteriosclerosis and cardiac abnormalities, fatty liver, increased Cancer risk, neurotransmitter abnormalities and mood disorders, IBS, detoxification deficiency, multiple chemical sensitivity, cell growth and maintenance abnormalities. All of these are commonly found in ME and CFS patients. Testing Labs
- DNA Methylation Pathway with Methylation Pathway Analysis
Test for Protein M
Bacteria and other pathogens
have evolved to use a protein called 'Protein M' to block all antibodies produced by the human immune system. This remarkable discovery by scientists at the Scripps Research Institute in 2014 sheds new light on chronic bacteria infections in humans. As many ME patients have chronic infections, this information is important. Tests are being developed for Protein M. See paper below
- http://www.scripps.edu/news/press/2014/20140206lerner.html
Biofilms and antibiotic resistant bacteria
For info about Biofilms and antibiotic resistant bacteria, click on the following link - http://mpkb.org/home/pathogenesis/microbiota/biofilm
Carry out diagnostic tests for Biofilms in areas of inflammation and pain.
4. Other Important tests
Red Blood cells and ESR.
Test for Infection of red blood cells with mycoplasma, Lyme, chlamydia and viruses. Abnormal red blood cell structure means blood cannot get through capillaries and thin blood vessels. This can lead to Oxygen starvation. When the blood is cut off from the brain, punctate lesions appear, because those parts of the brain die. Mycoplasma will get into portions of the heart muscle, especially the left ventricle, and those cells will die. This can cause carring of the left ventricle and heart dysfunction.
ESR
Test for Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The rate is usually very low or zero in ME patients. This has been consistently found by Dr. Paul Cheney in the USA. Dr. Kommaroff of Harvard Medical School has also found this abnormality in patients. Canadian clinician Byron Hyde reported in the fall 1989 issue of his newsletter to sufferers, “To my knowledge, there are only five diseases that have a pathological low sedimentation level: myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME also called CFS), sickle-cell anemia, hereditary sperocytosis, hyper-gammaglobulinemia, hyper-fibrogenemia.”
Red Blood cell structure
L. O. Simpson, 'The Role of Nondisocytic Erythrocytes in the Pathogenesis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome', The Clinical and Scientific Basis of ME/ CFS [Ottawa, Ontario: The Nightingale Research Foundation, 1992], p. 597
Mukherjee TM, Smith K, Maros K. Abnormal red-blood-cell morphology in myalgic encephalomyelitis. Lancet 1987;2:328-329.20. Simpson LO. Nondiscocytic erythrocytes inmyalgic encephalomyelitis. N Z Med J 1989;102:126-127.21.
Simpson LO, Murdoch JC, Herbison GP. Red cell shape changes following trigger finger fatigue in subjects with chronic tiredness and healthy controls. N Z Med J 1993;106:104-107
Check for Lymphadenopathy. This will require a few tests and if necessary a biopsy of inflamed or swollen tissues. Also check for tenderness
on
palpation
of
enlarged
lymph
glands
and
over
the
liver and spleen.
Pathologically high levels of lactic dehydrogenase, and glutamic oxalo-acetic transaminaser. Dr. Melvin Ramsey
Ramsay A. Epidemic neuromyasthenia: 1955-1978. Postgrad Med J 1978;54:718-21.
Check for raised
urinary
creatine
excretion
Check for photophobia, severe headaches, neck pain or stiff neck, sore throat, paresis, muscle weakness and tenderness, pain in the limbs, urinary retention, diplopia, nystagmus, gastrointestinal pain and dysfunctions, vertigo type symptoms, respiratory infection, worsening of sinusitis and allergies, tinnitus and inner ear deafness, coldness in the extremities, cognitive dysfunctions, paresthesia and sleep disturbance
Check for red spots along the course of the sciatic nerves
Check for Ulnar
and
sciatic
nerve
lesions, and lower
motor
neurone
lesions
Check for microscopically
infiltration
of
nerve
roots
with
lymphocytes
and
mononuclear
cells
and
nerve
fibres
showing
patchy
damage
to
the
myelin
sheaths
and
axon
swellings.
Check for perivascular
collars
of
lymphocytes
and
plasma
cells
in
the
cerebral
cortex,
brain
stem
and
cerebellum,
spinal
cord
and
around
blood
vessels
to
the
nerve
roots
5. Diagnostic Information about Chronic Lyme Disease & Co-infections - Babesia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma
phagocytophila, Bartonella
8. Abortive lytic replication (EBV, CMV, HHV-6a) Dr. Martin Lerner has found that some of these viruses have special characteristics:
- abortive lytic replication (EBV, CMV, HHV-6a) producing host cell apoptosis as described by Dr. Martin Lerner.
- IgM antibody to non-structural gene products (resulting from abortive lytic replication) as described by Dr. Martin Lerner
- coexisting infection by bacteria, mycoplasma, babesia, chalmydia, Lymes disease.
- this type of infection causes an increase in a protein called dUTPase, a biomarker - this type of infection causes an increase in a protein called DNA polymerase, a biomarker
Treating and eliminating these infections (over many months) has resulted in recoveries from ME . The above markers are a very important scientific discovery and could be one of the main bio-markers for ME .
Important lecture by Dr. Martin Lerner on ME diagnosis and treatment. Click on links to view videos.
Research Papers
Abortive lytic Epstein–Barr virus replication in tonsil-B lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis and a subset of the chronic fatigue syndrome. A Martin Lerner, Safedin Beqaj. Virus Adaptation and Treatment November 2012 Volume 2012:4 Pages 85 - 91.
CFS LLC has a US patent application pending entitled Methods for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic
Fatigue Syndrome. Inventor Lerner, Albert Martin. Agents Barry, Thomas F. et al: Venable LLP, P.O. Box 3485
Washington, DC 20043
-
9998 (US). This patent differentiates Group A and Group B CFS.
- New genetic sequencing devices can rapidly identify the genetic signatures of viruses, these would be recommended as they improve accuracy, while reducing time and cost.
- Sequencing By Synthesis (SBS) technology, PCR, high throughput sequencing, miRNA testing can also improve accuracy, while reducing time and cost.
9. Diagnostic Information about Viruses
(i) HHV6a and b Viruses- active and latent forms and chromosomally integrated HHV-6 form (CIHHV-6)
Found in many ME and CFS patients.
(ii) Diagnostic Information about Herpes family viruses 1-8, Parvovirus B-19, CMV, Coxsackie virus,
JHK virus, Ross river virus, Q fever virus. Including reactivated latent forms of these viruses. Re-activated latent viruses are playing a major role in many ME and CFS patients.
For CMV the IgG test is most accurate blood test. It may not pick up infections of the nervous system.
For EBV the EBV serum
IgM
viral
capsid
antibodies (VCA) and EBV early antigen diffuse (EA) are quite accurate blood tests. They may not pick up infections of the nervous system.
Reactivation of latent viruses and Methylation blockages and MTHFR gene mutations found in some ME and CFS patients
The Human Genome Project found that this gene has been found to be mutated or abnormal in many people. Some ME and CFS patients have this genetic abnormality. This causes methylation cycle blockage, immune system abnormalities, including re-activation of latent viruses, thyroid and endocrine abnormalities, excess inflammation, antioxidant deficiencies, high homocysteine levels, arteriosclerosis and cardiac abnormalities, fatty liver, increased Cancer risk, neurotransmitter abnormalities and mood disorders, IBS, detoxification deficiency, multiple chemical sensitivity, cell growth and maintenance abnormalities. All of these are commonly found in ME and CFS patients. Testing Labs
- DNA Methylation Pathway with Methylation Pathway Analysis
(iv) Diagnostic Information about Borna virus infection
This virus has been found in subsets of ME/CFS patients. Borna virus is rarely tested for and thus not many ill people are diagnosed with it. Infection may be more prevalent than commonly thought. Important diagnostic and treatment information included in the following link. Borna Disease Virus and Human Disease. Kathryn M. Carbone. Clin Microbiol Rev. Jul 2001; 14(3): 513–527
Tests
Anti-BDV antibody (IgM and IgG)
Immunologically based tests for BDV proteins
Immunofluorescence assay Immunoblot assay
cDNA clones for BDV
RT-PCR assays for BDV RNA, and in vitro or in vivo assays for infectious BDV
Infectious-virus isolation (the best method)
A highly sensitive and specific determination of the BDV infection status is required. Two or more tests required. Elisa test is not reliable.
(v) Diagnostic Information about Latent Viral Infections of Immune cells, Nerve cells, Intestinal cells, Muscle cells and viral transmission of chemicals containing RNA. Reactivation of dormant endogenous viruses, HERV's including HERV-K18 in ME patients
This is a new scientific finding relating to MS which may have implications for ME as both are neurological illnesses, both involve lesions in the brain and nervous system and both involve immune system dysfunctions and inflammation in the nervous system. The research paper and report are included below:
MTHFR gene mutation found in some ME and CFS patients
The Human Genome Project found that this gene has been found to be mutated or abnormal in many people. Some ME and CFS patients have this genetic abnormality. This causes methylation cycle blockage, immune system abnormalities, including re-activation of latent viruses, thyroid and endocrine abnormalities, excess inflammation, antioxidant deficiencies, high homocysteine levels, arteriosclerosis and cardiac abnormalities, fatty liver, increased Cancer risk, neurotransmitter abnormalities and mood disorders, IBS, detoxification deficiency, multiple chemical sensitivity, cell growth and maintenance abnormalities. All of these are commonly found in ME and CFS patients. Testing Labs
- DNA Methylation Pathway with Methylation Pathway Analysis
The scientific papers mentioned above mention diagnostic technologies for this
New genetic sequencing devices can rapidly identify the genetic signatures of viruses, these would be recommended as they improve accuracy, while reducing time and cost.
Sequencing By Synthesis (SBS) technology, PCR, high throughput sequencing, miRNA testing can also improve accuracy, while reducing time and cost.
(vi) Diagnostic Information about Parainfluenza Virus-5 (PIV-5), Paramyxovirus, Cryptovirus These are new discoveries in ME patients. Commercial tests are being developed by labs and companes. More information about these viruses and diagnosis and treatments can be found by clicking here.
(vii) Diagnostic Information about Ramsey Hunt Syndrome
This condition involves reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus and damage to the nervous system and other body organs. This condition can co-exist with ME / CFS in some cases, due to the immune system dysfunctions and deficiencies and other (trigger) infections involved in ME / CFS. The following web site has some excellent information about this illness - http://ramsayhunt.org/info
(viii) Diagnostic Information about Stealth
Virus infection:
(ii) Diagnostic Information about Adult and Child Rheumatic Fever
Test Anti
-
streptolysin
O (ASO) titer. Many labs can carry out this test. Streptococcus pyogenes or group A streptococcus is the culprit.
Dr. Martin Lerner uses the following diagnostics
- Diffuse, multi
-
joint pain
-
Antistreptolysin O titer = 400 (critical to diagnosis)
-
Abnormal 24 hour Holter monitor with tachycardia and oscillating T
-
wave flattening, with or
without T
-
wave inversions
-
A thickened mitral valve at echocardiogram.
Source: ME/CFS Treatment Resource Guide for Practitioners by Dr. Martin Lerner
(iv) Diagnostic Information about Staphylococcus spp. in blood
Test blood for Staphylococcus spp.. These appear as Micrococci-like organisms in the blood. Your medical doctor or specialist should be able to arrange this type of test. Several private labs should offer this test.
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) associated with Staphylococcus spp.
bacteremia, responsive to potassium arsenite 0.5% in a veterinary surgeon and his
coworking wife, handling with CFS animal cases. Arsenic
Tarello W
.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis.
2001 Oct;24(4):233-46. PMID: 11561958
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) in 15 dogs and cats with specific
biochemical and microbiological anomalies.
Tarello W
.Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis.
2001
Jul;24(3):165-85. PMID: 11440190
Test for Protein M
Bacteria and other pathogens
have evolved to use a protein called 'Protein M' to block all antibodies produced by the human immune system. This remarkable discovery by scientists at the Scripps Research Institute in 2014 sheds new light on chronic bacteria infections in humans. As many ME patients have chronic infections, this information is important. Tests are being developed for Protein M. See paper below
- http://www.scripps.edu/news/press/2014/20140206lerner.html
Biofilms and antibiotic resistant bacteria
For info about Biofilms and antibiotic resistant bacteria, click on the followig link - http://mpkb.org/home/pathogenesis/microbiota/biofilm
Carry out diagnostic tests for Biofilms in areas of inflammation and pain.
(v) Diagnostic Information about Aspergillus Niger: Test stool and urine, blood IgM and IgG and other blood subsets for Aspergillus Niger. New genetic sequencing devices can rapidly identify the genetic signatures of viruses and other pathogens, these would be recommended as they improve accuracy, while reducing time and cost.
Myoctoxins have been found in high percentages of ME patients. One study found that 93% of ME patients had mycotoxin exposure, with many having multiple mycotoxin exposures, while none of the healthy controls had evidence of mycotoxin exposure. Mycotoxin exposure has been proven to lead to immune activation, in particular a chronic inflammatory state, and to endocrine system and nervous system abnormalities all which are consistently found in ME patients. Dr. Paul Cheney, Dr. De Meirleir and Dr. Peterson are now using tests for mycotoxins as part of their diagnostics protocol for ME / CFS.
Test
spinal fluids, inflamed or infected intestinal tissue and muscle tissue, blood markers (IgG and IgM), B-cells, and inflamed samples from dorsal root ganglia, basal ganglia, brain stem, vagus nerve, peripheral ganglia, autonomic ganglia, spinal cord, cervical and lumbar nerve roots and peripheral nerves and sites of brain lesions for Molds, Mycobacteria and Mycotoxins
MRI scans and Spectroscopic signature and EMF signature scans may be able to detect localized infections of the nervous system.
New genetic sequencing devices can rapidly identify the genetic signatures of viruses and other pathogens, these would be recommended as they improve accuracy, while reducing time and cost.
Sequencing By Synthesis (SBS) technology, PCR, high throughput sequencing, miRNA testing can also improve accuracy, while reducing time and cost.
Test for Protein M
Bacteria and other pathogens
have evolved to use a protein called 'Protein M' to block all antibodies produced by the human immune system. This remarkable discovery by scientists at the Scripps Research Institute in 2014 sheds new light on chronic bacteria infections in humans. As many ME patients have chronic infections, this information is important. Tests are being developed for Protein M. See paper below
- http://www.scripps.edu/news/press/2014/20140206lerner.html
13. Test for harmful Bacteria overgrowth in intestines. Dr. Kenny De Meirleir.
Specific Breath test and Urine test recommended by Dr. Kenny De Meirleir, Belgium.
A breath test to diagnose overgrowth of bacteria in the gut. In a study of 143 patients, fructose malabsorption was found in 45.8% of patients. Lactose intolerance was found in 20.3%. Both can be measured via a simple hydrogen breath test:
25 grams of fructose or lactose is administered to a fasting patient.
Breath hydrogen levels are measured before administration and at 30 minute intervals for 3.5 hours.
A urine test to detect high levels of hydrogen sulfide. The test is related to the diagnosis and treatment of ME/CFS.These diagnostic tests are available at the following web address - http://www.proteabiopharma.com/page/diagnostics.php
14. Tests for chronic focal infections. Including dental infections, jawbone infections, nasal and sinus infections and tonsil infections.
In many cases these focal infections are ignored or forgotten about, and there may be flare up of symptoms once or a few times a year. These infections are chronic and can persist for many years and lead to chronic immune system activation and inflammation. This includes inflammation and pain in different parts of the body, similar to Rheumatism. This can deplete and weaken the immune system over time making it more susceptible to more serious infections and significant damage to various body systems. These focal infections can also can cause abnormal tirnedness and exhaustion.
Test for (i)dental infections and jawbone infections. This will require x-rays and scans. It many also require tissue biopsies. Kirilian Imaging Analysis may be useful in some cases. (ii) nasal and sinus infections. This will require tissue and cartilage biopsies. Kirilian Imaging Analysis may be useful in some cases. (iii) tonsil infections.
This will require tissue biopsies. Kirilian Imaging Analysis may be useful in some cases. (iv) Biofilms and antibiotic resistant bacteria
For info about Biofilms and antibiotic resistant bacteria, click on the followig link - http://mpkb.org/home/pathogenesis/microbiota/biofilm
Carry out diagnostic tests for Biofilms in areas of inflammation and pain. (v)The Marshall Protocol for Immunological Defects and Chronic Infections
13.Infectious Venulitis
Dr. Erich Ryll who is a medical doctor and Professor of Medicine at the University of California, Davis, closely studied Infectious Venulitis since the 1970's and he found many similarities between this illness and ME and CFS. He also studied and examined cases in other ocuntries and found similar results. He believes that a virus is responsible for systemic damage to the body and in particular the vascular system and veins.
Diagnostics - Inflammation of veins, including deep veins. Small haemorrhages around blood vessels in the cerebral cortex extending into the mid-brain, and other areas of the brain. Signs of slight vein breakages, minor haemmorhages in different body areas. Easy bruising. Some minor dy-myelination in the brain. Brain hypo-perfusion. Excess pro-inflammatory TH2 cytokines. Difficulty sleeping, unrefreshing sleep. Diffuse pain, headaches, dizziness, brain fog every day or most days. Poor circulation.
The following articles provide information about this condition
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Vasculitis involving the skin was recorded during outbreaks in Cumberland, Durham and North West London in 1955. A maculopapular rash may appear during the return of features of the initial illness such as flu-like symptoms and enlargement of lymph glands and liver.
15. Diagnostic Information about Candida:
Laboratories New genetic sequencing devices can rapidly identify the genetic signatures of viruses and other pathogens, these would be recommended as they improve accuracy, while reducing time and cost.
Where
can these special tests be performed ?
Check with specialists / consultants at your regional hospital or
top state hospital or private labs to see if they do these special
tests. If not, then consult the following
labs:
17. Diagnostic Information about Cryptostrongylus pulmoni
One study shows an infecton rate of 66% in ME. Clinical findings show over 80% infection. This infection may be causative, a co-factor or an opportunistic.
You will need to get the permission of the Patent owner to use the following test:
US Patent. 'Methods of diagnosing and treating an intestinal and lung roundworm infection.' Klapow, Lawrence A. Application
No. 403278 filed on 03/13/1995. US Classes: 424/45, 424/405. Examiners Primary: Bawa, Raj Attorney, Agent or Firm Medlen & Carroll. International Class A61K 009/12. http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5645819/description.html
New genetic sequencing devices can rapidly identify the genetic signatures of viruses and other pathogens, these would be recommended as they improve accuracy, while reducing time and cost.
Sequencing By Synthesis (SBS) technology, PCR, high throughput sequencing, miRNA testing can also improve accuracy, while reducing time and cost.
Test for Protein M
Bacteria and other pathogens
have evolved to use a protein called 'Protein M' to block all antibodies produced by the human immune system. This remarkable discovery by scientists at the Scripps Research Institute in 2014 sheds new light on chronic bacteria infections in humans. As many ME patients have chronic infections, this information is important. Tests are being developed for Protein M. See paper below
- http://www.scripps.edu/news/press/2014/20140206lerner.html
18. Multiple Infections
Establish if there are multiple infections with viruses, bacteria, mycoplasmas, etc.. Some studies suggest that ME patients have multiple infections.
Laboratories New genetic sequencing devices can rapidly identify the genetic signatures of viruses and other pathogens, these would be recommended as they improve accuracy, while reducing time and cost. MRI scans and Spectroscopic signature and EMF signature scans may be able to detect localized infections of the nervous system.
Test for Protein M
Bacteria and other pathogens
have evolved to use a protein called 'Protein M' to block all antibodies produced by the human immune system. This remarkable discovery by scientists at the Scripps Research Institute in 2014 sheds new light on chronic bacteria infections in humans. As many ME patients have chronic infections, this information is important. Tests are being developed for Protein M. See paper below
- http://www.scripps.edu/news/press/2014/20140206lerner.html
